Effects of the Fragrance Galaxolide on the Biomarker Responses of the Clam Ruditapes philippinarum

The musk fragrance Galaxolide® (HHCB) is widely used in personal care and household products. Its large use leads to a continuous release of the compound into aquatic environments. Although some studies on presence HHCB ecosystems biota have been conducted, limited data about its effects organism biomarkers are available. This study aimed at investigating both cellular biochemical clam Ruditapes philippinarum. Mussels were exposed for 7, 14 21 days 100 ng/L 500 seawater, haemocyte parameters antioxidant enzyme activities gills digestive gland evaluated. In addition, neurotoxic potential capacity cause oxidative damage proteins assessed. Overall, our results demonstrated that exposure was able induce changes biomarker responses mussels, mainly level.